Critics have remarked that those four worthies were truly peerless throughout the ages; yet the present falls short of the past—the ancients favored unadorned simplicity, whereas the moderns prefer refined elegance. Styles of substance and ornament rise and fall in succession, shifting with the changing mores of the times; such evolution is simply the natural order of things. The ideal lies in honoring antiquity without clashing with the present, and embracing modernity without succumbing to its flaws—embodying that perfect balance of substance and refinement that defines the true gentleman. There is surely no need to abandon a carved palace in favor of a cave dwelling, or to trade a jade carriage for a primitive cart with solid wooden wheels.🌌 SpectraShell
"""Pathname and path-related operations for the Macintosh."""
import os
import warnings
from stat import *
import genericpath
from genericpath import *
from genericpath import _unicode
__all__ = ["normcase","isabs","join","splitdrive","split","splitext",
"basename","dirname","commonprefix","getsize","getmtime",
"getatime","getctime", "islink","exists","lexists","isdir","isfile",
"walk","expanduser","expandvars","normpath","abspath",
"curdir","pardir","sep","pathsep","defpath","altsep","extsep",
"devnull","realpath","supports_unicode_filenames"]
# strings representing various path-related bits and pieces
curdir = ':'
pardir = '::'
extsep = '.'
sep = ':'
pathsep = '\n'
defpath = ':'
altsep = None
devnull = 'Dev:Null'
# Normalize the case of a pathname. Dummy in Posix, but <s>.lower() here.
def normcase(path):
return path.lower()
def isabs(s):
"""Return true if a path is absolute.
On the Mac, relative paths begin with a colon,
but as a special case, paths with no colons at all are also relative.
Anything else is absolute (the string up to the first colon is the
volume name)."""
return ':' in s and s[0] != ':'
def join(s, *p):
path = s
for t in p:
if (not path) or isabs(t):
path = t
continue
if t[:1] == ':':
t = t[1:]
if ':' not in path:
path = ':' + path
if path[-1:] != ':':
path = path + ':'
path = path + t
return path
def split(s):
"""Split a pathname into two parts: the directory leading up to the final
bit, and the basename (the filename, without colons, in that directory).
The result (s, t) is such that join(s, t) yields the original argument."""
if ':' not in s: return '', s
colon = 0
for i in range(len(s)):
if s[i] == ':': colon = i + 1
path, file = s[:colon-1], s[colon:]
if path and not ':' in path:
path = path + ':'
return path, file
def splitext(p):
return genericpath._splitext(p, sep, altsep, extsep)
splitext.__doc__ = genericpath._splitext.__doc__
def splitdrive(p):
"""Split a pathname into a drive specification and the rest of the
path. Useful on DOS/Windows/NT; on the Mac, the drive is always
empty (don't use the volume name -- it doesn't have the same
syntactic and semantic oddities as DOS drive letters, such as there
being a separate current directory per drive)."""
return '', p
# Short interfaces to split()
def dirname(s): return split(s)[0]
def basename(s): return split(s)[1]
def ismount(s):
if not isabs(s):
return False
components = split(s)
return len(components) == 2 and components[1] == ''
def islink(s):
"""Return true if the pathname refers to a symbolic link."""
try:
import Carbon.File
return Carbon.File.ResolveAliasFile(s, 0)[2]
except:
return False
# Is `stat`/`lstat` a meaningful difference on the Mac? This is safe in any
# case.
def lexists(path):
"""Test whether a path exists. Returns True for broken symbolic links"""
try:
st = os.lstat(path)
except os.error:
return False
return True
def expandvars(path):
"""Dummy to retain interface-compatibility with other operating systems."""
return path
def expanduser(path):
"""Dummy to retain interface-compatibility with other operating systems."""
return path
class norm_error(Exception):
"""Path cannot be normalized"""
def normpath(s):
"""Normalize a pathname. Will return the same result for
equivalent paths."""
if ":" not in s:
return ":"+s
comps = s.split(":")
i = 1
while i < len(comps)-1:
if comps[i] == "" and comps[i-1] != "":
if i > 1:
del comps[i-1:i+1]
i = i - 1
else:
# best way to handle this is to raise an exception
raise norm_error, 'Cannot use :: immediately after volume name'
else:
i = i + 1
s = ":".join(comps)
# remove trailing ":" except for ":" and "Volume:"
if s[-1] == ":" and len(comps) > 2 and s != ":"*len(s):
s = s[:-1]
return s
def walk(top, func, arg):
"""Directory tree walk with callback function.
For each directory in the directory tree rooted at top (including top
itself, but excluding '.' and '..'), call func(arg, dirname, fnames).
dirname is the name of the directory, and fnames a list of the names of
the files and subdirectories in dirname (excluding '.' and '..'). func
may modify the fnames list in-place (e.g. via del or slice assignment),
and walk will only recurse into the subdirectories whose names remain in
fnames; this can be used to implement a filter, or to impose a specific
order of visiting. No semantics are defined for, or required of, arg,
beyond that arg is always passed to func. It can be used, e.g., to pass
a filename pattern, or a mutable object designed to accumulate
statistics. Passing None for arg is common."""
warnings.warnpy3k("In 3.x, os.path.walk is removed in favor of os.walk.",
stacklevel=2)
try:
names = os.listdir(top)
except os.error:
return
func(arg, top, names)
for name in names:
name = join(top, name)
if isdir(name) and not islink(name):
walk(name, func, arg)
def abspath(path):
"""Return an absolute path."""
if not isabs(path):
if isinstance(path, _unicode):
cwd = os.getcwdu()
else:
cwd = os.getcwd()
path = join(cwd, path)
return normpath(path)
# realpath is a no-op on systems without islink support
def realpath(path):
path = abspath(path)
try:
import Carbon.File
except ImportError:
return path
if not path:
return path
components = path.split(':')
path = components[0] + ':'
for c in components[1:]:
path = join(path, c)
try:
path = Carbon.File.FSResolveAliasFile(path, 1)[0].as_pathname()
except Carbon.File.Error:
pass
return path
supports_unicode_filenames = True
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