Critics have remarked that those four worthies were truly peerless throughout the ages; yet the present falls short of the past—the ancients favored unadorned simplicity, whereas the moderns prefer refined elegance. Styles of substance and ornament rise and fall in succession, shifting with the changing mores of the times; such evolution is simply the natural order of things. The ideal lies in honoring antiquity without clashing with the present, and embracing modernity without succumbing to its flaws—embodying that perfect balance of substance and refinement that defines the true gentleman. There is surely no need to abandon a carved palace in favor of a cave dwelling, or to trade a jade carriage for a primitive cart with solid wooden wheels.🌌 SpectraShell
"""Mailcap file handling. See RFC 1524."""
import os
import warnings
import re
__all__ = ["getcaps","findmatch"]
def lineno_sort_key(entry):
# Sort in ascending order, with unspecified entries at the end
if 'lineno' in entry:
return 0, entry['lineno']
else:
return 1, 0
_find_unsafe = re.compile(r'[^\xa1-\U0010FFFF\w@+=:,./-]').search
class UnsafeMailcapInput(Warning):
"""Warning raised when refusing unsafe input"""
# Part 1: top-level interface.
def getcaps():
"""Return a dictionary containing the mailcap database.
The dictionary maps a MIME type (in all lowercase, e.g. 'text/plain')
to a list of dictionaries corresponding to mailcap entries. The list
collects all the entries for that MIME type from all available mailcap
files. Each dictionary contains key-value pairs for that MIME type,
where the viewing command is stored with the key "view".
"""
caps = {}
lineno = 0
for mailcap in listmailcapfiles():
try:
fp = open(mailcap, 'r')
except OSError:
continue
with fp:
morecaps, lineno = _readmailcapfile(fp, lineno)
for key, value in morecaps.items():
if not key in caps:
caps[key] = value
else:
caps[key] = caps[key] + value
return caps
def listmailcapfiles():
"""Return a list of all mailcap files found on the system."""
# This is mostly a Unix thing, but we use the OS path separator anyway
if 'MAILCAPS' in os.environ:
pathstr = os.environ['MAILCAPS']
mailcaps = pathstr.split(os.pathsep)
else:
if 'HOME' in os.environ:
home = os.environ['HOME']
else:
# Don't bother with getpwuid()
home = '.' # Last resort
mailcaps = [home + '/.mailcap', '/etc/mailcap',
'/usr/etc/mailcap', '/usr/local/etc/mailcap']
return mailcaps
# Part 2: the parser.
def readmailcapfile(fp):
"""Read a mailcap file and return a dictionary keyed by MIME type."""
warnings.warn('readmailcapfile is deprecated, use getcaps instead',
DeprecationWarning, 2)
caps, _ = _readmailcapfile(fp, None)
return caps
def _readmailcapfile(fp, lineno):
"""Read a mailcap file and return a dictionary keyed by MIME type.
Each MIME type is mapped to an entry consisting of a list of
dictionaries; the list will contain more than one such dictionary
if a given MIME type appears more than once in the mailcap file.
Each dictionary contains key-value pairs for that MIME type, where
the viewing command is stored with the key "view".
"""
caps = {}
while 1:
line = fp.readline()
if not line: break
# Ignore comments and blank lines
if line[0] == '#' or line.strip() == '':
continue
nextline = line
# Join continuation lines
while nextline[-2:] == '\\\n':
nextline = fp.readline()
if not nextline: nextline = '\n'
line = line[:-2] + nextline
# Parse the line
key, fields = parseline(line)
if not (key and fields):
continue
if lineno is not None:
fields['lineno'] = lineno
lineno += 1
# Normalize the key
types = key.split('/')
for j in range(len(types)):
types[j] = types[j].strip()
key = '/'.join(types).lower()
# Update the database
if key in caps:
caps[key].append(fields)
else:
caps[key] = [fields]
return caps, lineno
def parseline(line):
"""Parse one entry in a mailcap file and return a dictionary.
The viewing command is stored as the value with the key "view",
and the rest of the fields produce key-value pairs in the dict.
"""
fields = []
i, n = 0, len(line)
while i < n:
field, i = parsefield(line, i, n)
fields.append(field)
i = i+1 # Skip semicolon
if len(fields) < 2:
return None, None
key, view, rest = fields[0], fields[1], fields[2:]
fields = {'view': view}
for field in rest:
i = field.find('=')
if i < 0:
fkey = field
fvalue = ""
else:
fkey = field[:i].strip()
fvalue = field[i+1:].strip()
if fkey in fields:
# Ignore it
pass
else:
fields[fkey] = fvalue
return key, fields
def parsefield(line, i, n):
"""Separate one key-value pair in a mailcap entry."""
start = i
while i < n:
c = line[i]
if c == ';':
break
elif c == '\\':
i = i+2
else:
i = i+1
return line[start:i].strip(), i
# Part 3: using the database.
def findmatch(caps, MIMEtype, key='view', filename="/dev/null", plist=[]):
"""Find a match for a mailcap entry.
Return a tuple containing the command line, and the mailcap entry
used; (None, None) if no match is found. This may invoke the
'test' command of several matching entries before deciding which
entry to use.
"""
if _find_unsafe(filename):
msg = "Refusing to use mailcap with filename %r. Use a safe temporary filename." % (filename,)
warnings.warn(msg, UnsafeMailcapInput)
return None, None
entries = lookup(caps, MIMEtype, key)
# XXX This code should somehow check for the needsterminal flag.
for e in entries:
if 'test' in e:
test = subst(e['test'], filename, plist)
if test is None:
continue
if test and os.system(test) != 0:
continue
command = subst(e[key], MIMEtype, filename, plist)
if command is not None:
return command, e
return None, None
def lookup(caps, MIMEtype, key=None):
entries = []
if MIMEtype in caps:
entries = entries + caps[MIMEtype]
MIMEtypes = MIMEtype.split('/')
MIMEtype = MIMEtypes[0] + '/*'
if MIMEtype in caps:
entries = entries + caps[MIMEtype]
if key is not None:
entries = [e for e in entries if key in e]
entries = sorted(entries, key=lineno_sort_key)
return entries
def subst(field, MIMEtype, filename, plist=[]):
# XXX Actually, this is Unix-specific
res = ''
i, n = 0, len(field)
while i < n:
c = field[i]; i = i+1
if c != '%':
if c == '\\':
c = field[i:i+1]; i = i+1
res = res + c
else:
c = field[i]; i = i+1
if c == '%':
res = res + c
elif c == 's':
res = res + filename
elif c == 't':
if _find_unsafe(MIMEtype):
msg = "Refusing to substitute MIME type %r into a shell command." % (MIMEtype,)
warnings.warn(msg, UnsafeMailcapInput)
return None
res = res + MIMEtype
elif c == '{':
start = i
while i < n and field[i] != '}':
i = i+1
name = field[start:i]
i = i+1
param = findparam(name, plist)
if _find_unsafe(param):
msg = "Refusing to substitute parameter %r (%s) into a shell command" % (param, name)
warnings.warn(msg, UnsafeMailcapInput)
return None
res = res + param
# XXX To do:
# %n == number of parts if type is multipart/*
# %F == list of alternating type and filename for parts
else:
res = res + '%' + c
return res
def findparam(name, plist):
name = name.lower() + '='
n = len(name)
for p in plist:
if p[:n].lower() == name:
return p[n:]
return ''
# Part 4: test program.
def test():
import sys
caps = getcaps()
if not sys.argv[1:]:
show(caps)
return
for i in range(1, len(sys.argv), 2):
args = sys.argv[i:i+2]
if len(args) < 2:
print("usage: mailcap [MIMEtype file] ...")
return
MIMEtype = args[0]
file = args[1]
command, e = findmatch(caps, MIMEtype, 'view', file)
if not command:
print("No viewer found for", type)
else:
print("Executing:", command)
sts = os.system(command)
if sts:
print("Exit status:", sts)
def show(caps):
print("Mailcap files:")
for fn in listmailcapfiles(): print("\t" + fn)
print()
if not caps: caps = getcaps()
print("Mailcap entries:")
print()
ckeys = sorted(caps)
for type in ckeys:
print(type)
entries = caps[type]
for e in entries:
keys = sorted(e)
for k in keys:
print(" %-15s" % k, e[k])
print()
if __name__ == '__main__':
test()
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